Water treatment field
Water treatment includes raw water treatment, sewage treatment, and industrial water treatment. When used in conjunction with activated carbon in raw water treatment, it can be used for coagulation and clarification of suspended particles in domestic water. Using organic flocculant acrylamide instead of inorganic flocculant can increase water purification capacity by more than 20% even without modifying the settling tank; In sewage treatment, the use of polyacrylamide can increase the utilization rate of water recycling and can also be used for sludge dewatering; Used as an important formulation agent in industrial water treatment. The largest application of polyacrylamide in foreign countries is in water treatment, and its application in this field is being promoted domestically. The main role of polyacrylamide in water treatment is:
(1) Reduce the amount of flocculant used. Under the premise of achieving the same water quality, using polyacrylamide as a coagulant aid in combination with other coagulants can greatly reduce the amount of coagulants used; Under the premise of achieving the same water quality, using polyacrylamide as a coagulant aid in combination with other coagulants can greatly reduce the amount of coagulants used;
(2) Improve water quality. In the treatment of drinking water and industrial wastewater, the combination of polyacrylamide and inorganic flocculants can significantly improve water quality;
(3) Improve floc strength and settling speed. Polyacrylamide forms flocs with high strength and good settling performance, thereby improving solid-liquid separation speed and facilitating sludge dewatering;
(4) Corrosion and scaling prevention of circulating cooling systems. The use of polyacrylamide can greatly reduce the amount of inorganic flocculants used, thereby avoiding the deposition of inorganic substances on the surface of equipment and slowing down equipment corrosion and scaling.
Application in oil extraction
Polyacrylamide is a multifunctional oilfield chemical treatment agent widely used in drilling, cementing, completion, well repair, fracturing, acidification, water injection, water plugging and profile control, and tertiary oil recovery operations, especially in the fields of drilling, water plugging and profile control, and tertiary oil recovery. Polyacrylamide aqueous solution has high viscosity, good thickening, flocculation, and rheological adjustment effects, and is used as an oil displacement agent and drilling mud regulator in petroleum extraction. In the middle and later stages of oil extraction, in order to improve crude oil recovery, China currently mainly promotes polymer flooding and ternary composite flooding technologies. By injecting polyacrylamide aqueous solution, the oil water flow ratio is improved, resulting in an increase in the crude oil content in the extracted material. Adding polyacrylamide to tertiary oil recovery can increase oil displacement capacity, avoid oil layer breakdown, and improve oil recovery rate. The Chinese petroleum industry is the largest user of polyacrylamide, and the technological progress of polyacrylamide has promoted the development of the Chinese petroleum industry. The demand of the petroleum industry has accelerated the pace of technological innovation and industry development of polyacrylamide.
Paper industry
Polyacrylamide is widely used in the papermaking industry as a retention aid, filter aid, and homogenizer to improve the quality of paper, dewatering performance of pulp, retention rate of fine fibers and fillers, reduce raw material consumption and environmental pollution. As a dispersant, it can improve the uniformity of paper. Polyacrylamide is mainly used in two aspects in the paper industry. Firstly, it improves the retention rate of fillers, pigments, etc. to reduce the loss of raw materials and environmental pollution; The second is to improve the strength of the paper. Adding polyacrylamide to paper can increase the retention rate of fine fibers and filler particles on the web, accelerating the dehydration of the paper. The mechanism of action of polyacrylamide is that the particles in the slurry are retained on the filter cloth by flocculation through electrical neutralization or bridging. The formation of flocs can also make the water in the slurry easier to filter out, reduce the loss of fibers in white water, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the efficiency of filtration and sedimentation equipment.
Medical materials
Polyacrylamide gel can be used as non prothrombin granulating agent, raw material for surgery, contact lens, outer coating compound of microcapsules, and used to manufacture high-quality hemostatic plugs, women's sanitary napkins, children's diapers, etc. Polyacrylamide with particle size of hundreds to tens of microns can be used as chromatographic packing (such as gel chromatographic column packing), which can effectively separate spherical proteins such as cytochrome. And it can further desalinate and concentrate proteins. Polyacrylamide resin undergoes Mannich reaction to introduce L-proline or L-hydroxyproline via methylene bridge on the amide side chain. After coordination with copper ions, a chiral ligand resin is obtained, which effectively separates a series of DL amino acids. The chiral amino acids on the polyethylene amine resin obtained by Hofmann degradation can be complexed with copper ions as a stationary phase for ligand exchange chromatography, which can be used to separate a series of amino acids, especially aromatic amino acids. Due to the strong hydrophilicity of the skeleton, the separation time is greatly shortened.
Other industries
In the food industry, it is used for sugarcane juice clarification and syrup phosphate float extraction in the production of sugarcane sugar and beet sugar. Enzyme based fermentation broth is used in the coagulation and clarification industry, as well as in the recovery, stable quality, and good performance of feed protein. The recovered protein powder has no adverse effects on the survival rate, weight gain, and egg production of chickens. It is also used in the synthesis of resin coatings, water blocking materials for civil engineering grouting, building materials industry, cement quality improvement, construction industry adhesives, joint filling and repair and water blocking agents, soil improvement, electroplating industry, printing and dyeing industry, etc.