The effective disinfectant components of sodium hypochlorite are the same as those of chlorine disinfection, both of which are hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced by hydrolysis. HOCl is a small neutral molecule that does not carry an electric charge, so it can quickly diffuse to the surface of negatively charged bacteria (viruses) and undergo oxidation reactions with organic macromolecules such as bacterial (virus) body proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes through the cell wall and virus shell, destroying their protein and enzyme systems, thereby killing pathogenic microorganisms. Secondly, hypochlorous acid will further decompose to form new ecological oxygen [O], which has extremely strong oxidizing properties that cause denaturation of proteins and other substances on bacterial cells and viruses, thereby killing pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, the chlorine contained in sodium hypochlorite solution binds with cell membrane proteins to form nitrogen chlorine compounds, which interfere with cell metabolism and ultimately cause bacterial death. Finally, the chloride ions produced by the hydrolysis of hypochlorous acid can significantly alter the osmotic pressure of bacteria and pathogens, causing their cells to lose activity. Therefore, it is generally believed that the oxidation of hypochlorous acid is the main mechanism of its disinfection.